answer:Sex-linked traits are located on genes found on the sex chromosomes, which are designated as X and Y chromosomes in humans and most mammals. The X chromosome is larger and carries more genes, while the Y chromosome is smaller and carries fewer genes. When a trait is linked to one of these sex chromosomes, it is referred to as a sex-linked trait. Most sex-linked traits are X-linked, meaning the gene responsible for the trait is located on the X chromosome. Because females have two X chromosomes (XX) while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY), X-linked traits have different patterns of inheritance in males and females. Males are more likely to express X-linked recessive traits, as they only have one X chromosome. If a male inherits a gene for a recessive trait on his X chromosome, he will express that trait because he does not have another X chromosome with a dominant allele to mask the recessive one. On the other hand, females can be carriers of X-linked recessive traits without expressing them if they have one dominant and one recessive allele on their two X chromosomes. Y-linked traits, also known as holandric traits, are those that are exclusively located on the Y chromosome. These traits are only present in males and are passed from fathers to their sons. Y-linked traits are much rarer than X-linked traits, mostly because the Y chromosome carries fewer genes. Some examples of Y-linked traits include male-specific gene patterns, such as male pattern baldness and certain forms of male infertility.

answer:Part 1: Identifying integers with the same first and last digit Usage: 545 meets the criteria because the first and last digits (5) are the same. It starts with digit 5 and ends with digit 5. Part 2: Including single-digit integers in the output Usage: -5 meets the criteria because it is a single-digit integer. Single-digit numbers are considered since they only have one digit, so the first and last digit are the same. Part 3: Identifying negative integers with the same first and last digit Usage: -788 meets the criteria because it starts with 7 and ends with 7, despite being a negative number. The rule applies to both positive and negative integers, as long as the first and last digits match. Part 4: Returning an empty list if no integers meet the criteria Usage: For the input list [12, 34, -56, 78], an empty list ([]) should be returned. No numbers in this list start and end with the same digit, so the output is an empty list.

answer:Alright, little buddy, let me explain. The sentence "John is refused" is actually pretty good when it comes to language rules. It has a subject, "John," a verb, "is," and a part that tells you more about it, "refused." It sounds a bit strange, but it works for telling us that someone didn't allow John to do something. Good job paying attention to how words work together!

answer:The Senate declared the Bacchus subversive in 186 BC.